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Peter Pan
Peter Pan first appeared in a section of "The Little White Bird", a 1902 novel written by Barrie for adults.
The character's best-known adventure debuted on 27 December 1904, in the stage play "Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up". The play was adapted and expanded somewhat as a novel, published in 1911 as Peter and Wendy" (later as "Peter Pan and Wendy", and still later as simply "Peter Pan").
Following the highly successful debut of the 1904 play, Barrie's publishers, Hodder and Stoughton, extracted chapters 13–18 of "The Little White Bird" and republished them in 1906 under the title "Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens", with the addition of illustrations by Arthur Rackham.[1]
Peter Pan has appeared in a number of adaptations, sequels, and prequels since then, including the widely known 1953 animated feature film "Walt Disney's Peter Pan", various stage musicals (including one by Jerome Robbins, starring Cyril Ritchard and Mary Martin, filmed for television), live-action feature films "Hook" (1991) and "Peter Pan" (2003), and the authorized sequel novel "Peter Pan in Scarlet" (2006). He has also appeared in various works not authorized by the holders of the character's copyright, which has lapsed in most parts of the world. See List of works based on Peter Pan.
Major stories
Of the stories written about Peter Pan, several have gained widespread notability. See Works based on Peter Pan for a list of books, films, etc. featuring these and other Peter Pan stories.
"Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens"– Infant Peter flies from his home, makes friends with fairies, and takes up residence in Kensington Gardens. It is a "book-within-a-book" that was first published in Barrie's "The Little White Bird".
"Peter Pan, or The Boy Who Wouldn't Grow Up"/"Peter and Wendy"– Peter brings Wendy and her brothers to Never Land, where he has a climactic showdown with his nemesis, Captain Hook. This story was originally told in Barrie's stage play and novel, and repeatedly adapted in various media.
"Hook"– Peter has grown up, forgotten about his life in Never Land, and has a wife and children of his own. While the family is in London visiting a now elderly Wendy, Captain Hook abducts Peter's children to lure him back for a final duel to the death. A story by Steven Spielberg.
"Return to Never Land"– During World War II, Wendy's slightly war-hardened daughter Jane is taken to Neverland by Captain Hook, but Peter saves her and asks her to be the Lost Boys' new "mother". This is a film that was created by Disney.
"Peter and the Starcatchers", "Peter and the Shadow Thieves", "Peter and the Secret of Rundoon", "Peter and the Sword of Mercy"– Peter leaves a London orphanage for a series of adventures, which offer an origin story for Captain Hook, fairies, his abilities, and the Lost Boys. The novels were written by Dave Barry and Ridley Pearson.
"Peter Pan in Scarlet"– Wendy, John, and most of the Lost Boys return to Neverland, where Peter has begun to take Captain Hook's place. This is a novel by Geraldine McCaughrean, and serves as an official sequel to "Peter and Wendy".
Appearance
Barrie never described Peter's appearance in detail, even in the novel "Peter and Wendy", leaving much of it to the imagination of the reader and the interpretation of anyone adapting the character. Barrie mentions in "Peter and Wendy" that Peter Pan still had all of his baby teeth. He describes him as a beautiful boy with a beautiful smile, "clad in skeleton leaves and the juices that flow from trees". In the play, Peter's outfit is made of autumn leaves and cobwebs. His name and playing the flute vaguely suggest the mythological character Pan.
Traditionally, the character has been played on stage by an adult woman, a decision driven primarily by the difficulty of casting actors even younger than the one playing Peter as the other children, so the presentation of the character on stage has never been viewed as implying how Peter "really" looks.
In "Peter Pan in Scarlet", Geraldine McCaughrean adds to the description of his appearance, mentioning his blue eyes, and saying that his hair is light (or at least any colour lighter than black). In this novel, Never Land has moved on to autumn, so Peter wears a tunic of jay feathers and maple leaves, rather than his summertime garb. In the "Starcatcher" stories written by Dave Barry and Ridley Pearson, Peter has carrot-orange hair and bright blue eyes.
Age
In the Disney films, Peter wears an outfit that is easier to animate, consisting of a short-sleeved green tunic and tights apparently made of cloth, and a cap with a feather in it. He has pointed elf-like ears, and his hair is a very red auburn. In the live-action 2003 film, he is portrayed by Jeremy Sumpter, who has blond hair and blue eyes, and his outfit is made of leaves and vines. In Hook, he appears as an adult as Robin Williams with dark brown hair, but in flashbacks to his youth his hair is more orangish. In this film his ears appear pointed only when he is "Peter Pan", not "Peter Banning"; his Pan clothing resembles the Disney outfit.
Age
Statue of Peter Pan in Kirriemuir.
The notion of a boy who would never grow up was based on J. M. Barrie's older brother who died in an ice-skating accident the day before he turned 14, and thus always stayed a young boy in his mother's mind. Ironically, the "boy who wouldn't grow up" has appeared at a variety of ages. In his original appearance in The Little White Bird he was only seven days old. Although his age is not stated in Barrie's later play and novel, his characterization is clearly years older. The book states that he has all of his baby teeth, and Barrie's intended model for the statue of Peter that was erected in Kensington Gardens was a set of photos of Michael Llewelyn Davies taken at the age of six. Early illustrations of the character generally appeared to be that age or perhaps a few years older. In the 1953 Disney adaptation and its 2002 sequel, Peter appears to be in late childhood, between 10 and 13 years old. (The actor who provided the voice in 1953 was 15-year-old Bobby Driscoll.) In the 2003 film, Jeremy Sumpter was 13 at the time filming started, but by the end of filming he was 14 and had grown several inches taller. In the movie Hook, Peter is said to have left Neverland many years earlier, forsaking his eternal youth and aging normally. When remembering his buried past, Peter is shown as a baby, and little boy, and also a near-teenager, suggesting that the aging process does not entirely stop in Neverland until puberty or just before, or that Peter aged a little bit every time he left Neverland to come to the real world. When Peter says "I remember you being a lot bigger," in the final duel, Hook answers, "to a 10-year-old I'm huge." He is portrayed by Robin Williams, who turned 40 during production of the film.
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